Fasting diet could help cut Type 2 diabetes risk

A comparison of two different diets has found that a time-restricted, intermittent fasting diet focused on eating early in the day could help reduce the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

Researchers from the University of Adelaide and South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute compared a time-restricted, intermittent fasting diet and a reduced calorie diet to see which one was more beneficial for people who were prone to developing type 2 diabetes.

More than 200 participants from South Australia were recruited in the 18-month study, with findings published in Nature Medicine.

“People who fasted for three days during the week, only eating between 8 am and 12 pm on those days, showed a greater tolerance to glucose after 6 months than those on a daily, low-calorie diet,” said senior author the University of Adelaide’s Professor Leonie Heilbronn, Adelaide Medical School.

“Participants who followed the intermittent fasting diet were more sensitive to insulin and also experienced a greater reduction in blood lipids than those on the low-calorie diet.”

Almost 1.3 million Australians are currently living with Type 2 diabetes, a condition for which there is no cure.

Type 2 diabetes occurs when the body’s cells don’t respond effectively to insulin and it loses its ability to produce the hormone which is responsible for controlling glucose in blood. It’s estimated that nearly 60% of type 2 diabetes cases could be delayed or prevented with changes to diet and lifestyle.

Participants on both the time-restricted, intermittent fasting diet and the low-calorie diet experienced similar amounts of weight loss.

The study assessed how the body processes and uses glucose after eating a meal, which is a better indicator of diabetes risk than a fasting test,” said first author Xiao Tong Teong, a PhD student at the University of Adelaide.

“The results of this study add to the growing body of evidence to indicate that meal timing and fasting advice extends the health benefits of a restricted calorie diet, independently from weight loss, and this may be influential in clinical practice.”

Further research is needed to investigate if the same benefits are experienced with a slightly longer eating window, which could make the diet more sustainable in the long term.

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