AI uses tongue colour to diagnose diseases

A range of experiments involving 5000+ images could result in the development of a system that provides on-the-spot disease diagnosis by analysing tongue colour.

Researchers from Middle Technical University (MTU) and the University of South Australia (UniSA) used 5260 images to train machine learning algorithms to detect tongue colour. The proposed imaging system could diagnose diabetes, stroke, anaemia, asthma, liver and gallbladder conditions, COVID-19, and a range of vascular and gastrointestinal issues, according to the researchers.

Two teaching hospitals in the Middle East supplied 60 tongue images from patients with various health conditions. The artificial intelligence (AI) model was able to match the tongue colour with the disease in almost all cases.

MTU and UniSA Adjunct Associate Professor Ali Al-Naji, the study’s senior author, said AI is replicating a 2000-year-old practice widely used in traditional Chinese medicine — examining the tongue for signs of disease.

“The colour, shape and thickness of the tongue can reveal a litany of health conditions,” he said.

“Typically, people with diabetes have a yellow tongue; cancer patients a purple tongue with a thick greasy coating; and acute stroke patients present with an unusually shaped red tongue.

“A white tongue can indicate anaemia; people with severe cases of COVID-19 are likely to have a deep red tongue; and an indigo or violet coloured tongue indicates vascular and gastrointestinal issues or asthma.”

In the study, cameras placed 20 centimetres from a patient captured their tongue colour, and the imaging system predicted their health condition in real time.

Co-author UniSA Professor Javaan Chahl said that down the track, a smartphone will be used to diagnose disease in this way.

“These results confirm that computerised tongue analysis is a secure, efficient, user-friendly and affordable method for disease screening that backs up modern methods with a centuries-old practice,” Chahl said.

Image credit: iStock.com/Halfpoint