AI in health: CSIRO report highlights opportunities, challenges

CSIRO has released a new report, AI Trends for Healthcare, highlighting the opportunities and challenges facing the continued and inevitable integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in Australia’s healthcare sector — from clinical decision support to administrative tasks.

Research Director of CSIRO’s Australian e-Health Research Centre (AEHRC) Dr David Hansen said that the use of AI in health care is unique because the accuracy of models could mean the difference between life and death, or ongoing health and illness.

“A key difference between the use of AI in health care compared to other industries is the use of AI in decision-making for prevention, diagnosis, monitoring and treatment,” Hansen said.

“As we strive to create newer and better digital tools to harness the benefits of AI in health care, frameworks and ethical implementation along with established safety, quality and monitoring guidelines continue to be imperative.”

The report also notes that the digitalisation of Australia’s hospital records system — or electronic medical records (EMRs) — is rapidly expanding.

EMRs and other clinical systems are likely to provide the platform for implementing AI technologies — with uses in areas such as imaging, diagnosis and treatment, as well as tasks such as reconciliation of reports or analysis of clinical data.

“There is more health and medical data out there than ever before, so data privacy and security are a growing challenge,” Hansen said.

“AI can play an important role in allowing Australians to have full access to and control over their health data.”

The report identifies that medical research will be a significant winner from the digitisation of health care and the introduction of AI algorithms, as medical research institutions invest in infrastructure to harness the power of the data being generated.

“We’re at the cusp of an extraordinary era in medicine. For the first time, machines can provide efficient administrative support for clinicians and education for patients, diagnose and predict disease and inform clinical decision-making,” Hansen said.

“If done with care, thought and safety, embedding AI in health care is an opportunity to drastically improve the work lives of medical professions and the health and wellbeing of consumers.”

The report highlights other sectors — such as aged care or disability — as also being able to benefit substantially from the improved support and vigilance offered by AI.

“Our research shows the benefits of AI’s capacity for the analysis of large data sets for disease control and for clinical support in high demand such as medical imaging. All of this shows great promise for increasing digital health impact,” Hansen said.

Image caption: Research Director of CSIRO’s Australian e-Health Research Centre Dr David Hansen. Image courtesy of CSIRO.